Analyzing urban growth and land cover change scenario in Lagos, Nigeria using multi-temporal remote sensing data and GIS to mitigate flooding

Lagos, Nigeria’s economic hub and one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities, has experienced remarkable urban growth due to rapid urbanization. The city recently faced persistent flooding unsustainable inadequate data for proper planning. Therefore, we analyzed land cover change in Nigeria, using multi-temporal datasets downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) at an interval 10 years 1990–2020. We employed maximum likelihood classification post-classification detection analyze city’s dynamics. study revealed three phases Lagos a substantial increase built-up area 496 km2 1990 approximately 860 2000. This increased further 1113 2010, presently over 1256 km2. result also decrease vegetation, water bodies, bare soil by 398 km2, 246 115 respectively, between 2020. These changes contribute flooding, prominent natural human-induced disaster city. this study’s findings provided historical scientific effective planning, management, sustainable development